[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.urasenke.cz\/izrael-versus-palestina-aneb-da-se-zjistit-odkud-prameni-jejich-nepratelstvi\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.urasenke.cz\/izrael-versus-palestina-aneb-da-se-zjistit-odkud-prameni-jejich-nepratelstvi\/","headline":"Izrael versus Palestina \u2013 aneb d\u00e1 se zjistit, odkud pramen\u00ed jejich nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed?","name":"Izrael versus Palestina \u2013 aneb d\u00e1 se zjistit, odkud pramen\u00ed jejich nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed?","description":"Pokud nejprve budeme studovat Bibli, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee Izrael je zem\u011b zasl\u00edben\u00e1 \u017eidovsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu samotn\u00fdm Bohem....","datePublished":"2019-12-22","dateModified":"2023-05-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.urasenke.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.urasenke.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9514fe8d0d5bc6f8b5e285c47f6d71536ab35446ffb077fff11f6ca1fa8b00ce?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9514fe8d0d5bc6f8b5e285c47f6d71536ab35446ffb077fff11f6ca1fa8b00ce?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"urasenke.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.urasenke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a364362_w4197_t1577104930.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.urasenke.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a364362_w4197_t1577104930.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.urasenke.cz\/izrael-versus-palestina-aneb-da-se-zjistit-odkud-prameni-jejich-nepratelstvi\/","about":["Politika"],"wordCount":941,"articleBody":"Pokud nejprve budeme studovat Bibli, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee Izrael je zem\u011b zasl\u00edben\u00e1 \u017eidovsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu samotn\u00fdm Bohem. To potvrzuje i prvn\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed uskupen\u00ed, Izraelsk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zde vzniklo cca kolem roku 931 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. Pokud se ov\u0161em je\u0161t\u011b st\u00e1le budeme dr\u017eet Bible, proto\u017ee \u017did\u00e9 neuposlechli Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159iklonili se k\u00a0jin\u00fdm boh\u016fm a b\u016f\u017ek\u016fm, kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nevydr\u017eelo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho a zaniklo ji\u017e n\u011bkdo kolem roku 722 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. T\u011bchto dv\u011b st\u011b let bylo ale velice slavn\u00fdch a jm\u00e9na Izraelsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f Saul, David nebo \u0160alomoun zd\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd, i ten co Bibli ne\u010detl. Pokud bychom se nyn\u00ed odklonili od biblick\u00e9ho vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, rychle zjist\u00edme, \u017ee p\u0159es \u00fazem\u00ed Izraelsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed vedlo n\u011bkolik velice d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch stezek, co\u017e p\u0159itahovalo pozornost velmoc\u00ed a posl\u00e9ze se cel\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed ocitlo pod nadvl\u00e1dou Asy\u0159an\u016f, Babylo\u0148an\u016f, Per\u0161an\u016f, \u0158ek\u016f, \u0158\u00edman\u016f, bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Byzantsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a\u017e se nakonec v\u00a07. stolet\u00ed dostalo pod isl\u00e1mskou nadvl\u00e1du. Roku 1516 bylo p\u0159i\u010dlen\u011bno k\u00a0Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i a z\u016fstalo jeho sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed a\u017e do 20. stolet\u00ed.Velk\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem do \u017eidovsk\u00e9 populace na tomto \u00fazem\u00ed bylo ve druh\u00e9m stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 proti\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed Bar Kochby, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho vliv na zm\u011bnu n\u00e1zvu cel\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 je p\u0159ejmenoval na Palestinu, podle kmene Peli\u0161tejc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na tomto \u00fazem\u00ed \u017eili. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 za\u010dal velk\u00fd exodus \u017did\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Z\u00a0Izraele se odst\u011bhovala v\u011bt\u0161ina p\u016fvodn\u00edho \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva a postupn\u011b se stala sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed obyvatelstva v\u00a0cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b i Asii.\u00a0\u017did\u00e9 ov\u0161em ne v\u0161ude byli p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0otev\u0159enou n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed. V\u017edy dodr\u017eovali sv\u00e9 zvyky a tradice, \u010dasto m\u011bli vlastn\u00ed komunity, a proto\u017ee \u010dasem byl vyd\u00e1n z\u00e1kaz, kter\u00fd jim znemo\u017e\u0148oval vlastnit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u016fdy v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch, z\u00e1hy se z\u00a0nich stali ti nejlep\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00edci a sm\u011bn\u00e1rn\u00edci. To ov\u0161em a jejich neust\u00e1l\u00fd separatizmus a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm odli\u0161nost od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho obyvatelstva vedl k\u00a0mnoha \u017eidovsk\u00fdm perzekuc\u00edm. Pro p\u0159\u00edklad m\u016f\u017eeme zm\u00ednit vyhn\u00e1n\u00ed ze \u0160pan\u011blska v\u00a0roce 1492, pogromy ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b v\u00a0roce 1881, nebo \u017eidovsk\u00fd holokaust v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.U\u017e ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 18. stolet\u00ed se zp\u011bt do Palestiny p\u0159est\u011bhovalo velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed potomk\u016f p\u016fvodn\u00edch \u017did\u016f. Postupn\u011b se zrodila my\u0161lenka sionismu, av\u0161ak a\u017e Theodor Herzl p\u0159i\u0161el s\u00a0politick\u00fdm sionismem \u2013 hnut\u00edm, je\u017e usilovalo o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed vlastn\u00edho \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu v\u00a0Palestin\u011b. My\u0161lenka byla podporov\u00e1na nejenom samotn\u00fdmi \u017didy, ale i mnoha zahrani\u010dn\u00edmu velmocemi v\u00a0\u010dele s\u00a0Velkou Brit\u00e1nii.Ov\u0161em nesm\u00edme zapomenout na to, \u017ee v\u00a0t\u00e9 dob\u011b ji\u017e dlouh\u00e1 stalet\u00ed, ba t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011b tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, bylo \u00fazem\u00ed os\u00eddleno jin\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody a od sedm\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm muslimsk\u00fdm obyvatelstvem. Ti se za\u010dali proti p\u0159\u00edlivu uprchl\u00edk\u016f siln\u011b bou\u0159it a na \u00fazem\u00ed prob\u00edhaly siln\u00e9 \u0161arv\u00e1tky a nepokoje.Aby se t\u00e9to situaci zabr\u00e1nilo, dohodly se mocnosti pod taktovkou Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie na obsazen\u00ed Palestiny. Palestina byla obsazena Brity v\u00a0roce 1919 a vznikl zde protektor\u00e1t Britsk\u00fd mand\u00e1t Palestina.\u00a0P\u0159\u00edliv \u017did\u016f do Palestiny v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch desetilet\u00edch pokra\u010doval a ke konci druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky ji\u017e tvo\u0159ili 33% obyvatel Palestiny v\u00a0porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a011% v\u00a0roce 1922.Po s\u00e9rii teroristick\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f v\u00a0roce 1947 se nakonec Brit\u00e1nie sv\u00e9ho protektor\u00e1tu vzdala, ale ji\u017e hned p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok p\u0159ijala OSN rezoluci na rozd\u011blen\u00ed Palestiny na \u017eidovsk\u00fd a arabsk\u00fd st\u00e1t. Tato rezoluce p\u0159inesla dal\u0161\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 konflikty, kter\u00e9 doprov\u00e1zela velk\u00e1 migrace a \u00fat\u011bk Arab\u016f z\u00a0\u017eidovsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed.Prvn\u00ed Arabsko \u2013 Izraelsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, \u0160estidenn\u00ed v\u00e1lka, Masakr izraelsk\u00fdch atlet\u016f na LOH v\u00a0Mnichov\u011b, operace Bo\u017e\u00ed hn\u011bv \u010di Jomkipursk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka. V\u0161echny tyto a mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed konflikty poznamenaly vztahy mezi Izraelci, Palestinci a v\u011bt\u0161inou muslimsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. A by\u0165 mezi t\u00edm bylo uzav\u0159eno mnoho m\u00edrov\u00fdch smluv, v\u0161echny do jedn\u00e9 byly nakonec jednou nebo druhou z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bnou stranou poru\u0161eny.T\u011b\u017eko budeme v\u00a0t\u00e9to komplikovan\u00e9 situaci hledat jednoduch\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. N\u00e1zory m\u016f\u017eeme m\u00edt ty nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. N\u00e1vrat \u017did\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ob\u00fdvali p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011bma tis\u00edci roky se d\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159irovnat k\u00a0n\u00e1vratu uprchl\u00edk\u016f do sv\u00e9 domoviny. Ale \u017e\u00e1dnou jinou domovinu, \u017e\u00e1dnou jinou vlastn\u00ed zemi \u017did\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed. Na\u0161e sympatie by ale m\u011bli m\u00edt p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tak\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed, arab\u0161t\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed byli nuceni uvolnit m\u00edsto nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edm. Nyn\u00ed se z\u00a0nich stali uprchl\u00edci a mnoz\u00ed dodnes na \u00fazem\u00ed Palestiny \u017eij\u00ed jako v\u00a0uprchlick\u00fdch t\u00e1borech.Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b jistotu m\u00e1me jedinou. Zbran\u011b, rakety, Mosad ani n\u00e1tlak Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f \u010di jin\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed situaci nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e1 by tedy bylo kone\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1hodno zkusit se dohodnout a za\u010d\u00edt se navz\u00e1jem respektovat.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.7\/5 - (18 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Izrael versus Palestina \u2013 aneb d\u00e1 se zjistit, odkud pramen\u00ed jejich nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed?","item":"https:\/\/www.urasenke.cz\/izrael-versus-palestina-aneb-da-se-zjistit-odkud-prameni-jejich-nepratelstvi\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]